Account Types or Kinds of Accounts - Personal, Real, Nominal, real account 10.

Real account 10


There is no hard and fast rule that all assets should be tangible. Elements effected by the transaction are


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Account Types or Kinds of Accounts - Personal, Real, Nominal, real account 10.


Account Types or Kinds of Accounts - Personal, Real, Nominal, real account 10.


Account Types or Kinds of Accounts - Personal, Real, Nominal, real account 10.


Account types or kinds of accounts - personal, real, nominal


Personal accounts


Tangible


In the initial stages of learning accounting, we assume real accounts to be those representing tangible elements. This is because all the elements that we deal with at this stage have that characteristic.


There is no hard and fast rule that all assets should be tangible.


Eg : goodwill of an organisation is an intangible asset.


There are many other ways the terms real accounts and the term asset can be interpreted and understood. For now, please, stick to the simple understanding that assets are tangible aspects and are thus identified as real accounts.


Nominal accounts


We do not come across such accounts till a later stage of our learning. For now, please, assume that such accounts exist.



Profit on sale of asset a/c - representing the profit made on sale of assets, a gain.


We do not come across such accounts till a later stage of our learning. For now, please, assume that such accounts exist.


Every account head belongs to one of the three types


We use this property to identify the nature of an account sometimes. Where an account cannot be classified under two types, it should be the third type.



  • Nominal accounts are accounts other than personal and real accounts

  • Real accounts are accounts other than personal and nominal accounts

  • Personal accounts are accounts other than real and nominal accounts



Accounting system - minimum accounting heads


Where the information needed by the organisation is very minimal, it can account for the transactions relating to its business with a minimum of four accounting heads.


Assets and liabilities


Assets a/c


All the real accounts and the personal accounts representing debtors are to be assumed to be represented by the account head named asset a/c. Asset a/c would take the place of furniture a/c, machinery a/c, land a/c, buildings a/c, shyam's a/c (debtor), bank a/c, cash a/c etc.


Liabilities a/c


Liabilities are generally made up of personal accounts representing owned capital and loaned capital. Liabilities a/c would take the place of capital a/c, ram's a/c (creditor) etc.


Note : assets and liabilities include only accounts of the type real and personal.


Incomes/gains and expenses/losses


Expenses/losses a/c


All the nominal accounts representing expenses and losses are to be assumed to be represented by the account head named expenses/losses a/c


Incomes/gains a/c


All the nominal accounts representing incomes and gains are to be assumed to be represented by the account head named incomes/gains a/c


Minimum five account heads


Thus to have a clear and better understanding/information regarding liabilities, the liabilities a/c is replaced by two accounts: capital a/c and liabilities a/c.


The more the information we need the more the accounting heads we have to maintain.


Therefore, the minimum accounting heads to be maintained would be 5 i.E. Capital a/c, liabilities a/c, assets a/c, expenses/losses a/c, incomes/gains a/c.


Elements effected by a transaction - identifying account type


The business is proposed to be started.


Started business with a capital of 1,00,000.


Since capital in the form of cash is being brought into the business, capital increases by 1,00,000 and cash increases by 1,00,000


Elements effected by the transaction are


Bought furniture for cash 25,000


Since furniture is being bought by paying cash, the value of furniture increases by 25,000 and the cash available with the business would reduce by 25,000.


Elements effected by the transaction are


Bought goods for cash 25,000 from M/s roxy brothers.


Since goods are bought by paying cash, the value of goods increases by 25,000 and the cash available with the business would reduce by 25,000.


Elements effected by the transaction are


Bought goods from mr. Shyam rao on credit for 10,000.


Since goods are bought on credit, the value of goods increases by 10,000. The liabilities of the business would increase by 10,000. This liability is indicated by an element identified by the name of the vendor who gave the goods on credit i.E. Mr. Shyam rao.


Elements effected by the transaction are


Sold goods for cash 20,000 to mr. Peter.


Since goods are sold by taking cash, the value of goods decrease by 20,000 and the cash available with the business would increase by 20,000.


Elements effected by the transaction are


Sold goods on credit to M/s bharat & co., for 10,000.


Since goods are sold on credit, the value of goods decreases by 10,000. A new asset in the form of a debtor (those who owe us) is created. The new asset is indicated by an element identified by the name of the organisation which purchased the goods on credit i.E. M/s bharat & co.


Elements effected by the transaction are



Since cash is paid into bank, the available cash reduces by 60,000. The amount paid into the bank is held by the bank on our behalf. The bank has to pay us the same whenever we ask for it. The bank therefore stands in the position of a debtor to us (those who owe us money). The amount of balance in the bank which is newly created increases from zero by 60,000.


Elements effected by the transaction are



Since cash is paid to mr. Shyam rao, the available cash reduces by 5,000 and the liability in the name of mr. Shyam rao (the amount due to him) also reduces by 5,000.


Elements effected by the transaction are


Received cash from M/s bharat & co., on account, 8,000


Since cash is received from M/s bharat & co., the available cash increases by 8,000 and the asset (debtor) in the name of M/s. Bharat & co (the amount receivable from them) also reduces by 8,000.



What is a real account?


Definition: A real account is a permanent account in the general journal that does not close at the end of a period. In other words, these accounts stay open allowing their balances to accumulate and carry over to the next period for the company’s lifetime.


What does real account mean?


What is the definition of real account? Real accounts reflect the current and ongoing financial status of a company because they carry their balance forward into the next accounting period. These accounts are typically reported on the balance sheet at the end of the year as assets, liabilities, or equity.


These account balances change throughout the accounting period. Management can review the extent of these changes by comparing initial and final balance of each account. The final balance will become reported on the balance sheet at the end of the period and will be carried over to the next period becoming the initial balance for the next accounting period.


The relationship between real and nominal accounts is that a change in one of them might derive in a change on the other. This means that if a nominal account increases or decreases it will increase or decrease a permanent account.


Let’s illustrate this concept with an example.


Example


Young motors co. Is a startup company that produces motorcycles. Today is the first day of the company and its owners contribute the following things:



  • Cash: $30,000

  • Inventory: $25,000

  • Fixed assets: $50,000



The company has no liabilities. After a few months of operations, the company has the following:



  • Revenues: $25,000

  • Cost of goods sold: $10,000

  • Rent: $5,000

  • Other expenses: $1,500



The accounting period started on january 1 and it will end on december 31.


At the end of the period, the revenues, cost of goods sold, rent, and other expenses are reported on the income statement as an $8,500 net income. These accounts are then closed with year-end closing entries to the retained earnings account leaving the company with the following permanent accounts that will carry over into the next period:



  • Cash: $50,000

  • Inventory: $15,000

  • Fixed assets: $50,000

  • Retained earnings: $115,000



Summary definition


Define real accounts: real account means a general journal account that isn’t closed at the end of the year.



Enable the (hidden) administrator account on windows 7, 8, or 10


Account Types or Kinds of Accounts - Personal, Real, Nominal, real account 10.


Many people familiar with prior versions of windows are curious what happened to the built-in administrator account that was always created by default. Does this account still exist, and how can you access it?


The account is created in windows 10, 8, 7, or vista, but since it’s not enabled you can’t use it. If you are troubleshooting something that needs to run as administrator, you can enable it with a simple command.


Warning: the built-in administrator account has a lot more privileges than a regular administrator account—privileges that can easily get you into trouble if you use it regularly. We recommend only enabling the built-in administrator account if you are certain you need it to troubleshoot a specific problem and then disabling it when you are done. If you’re unsure whether you need it, you probably shouldn’t use it at all.


Enable built-in administrator account in windows


First you’ll need to open a command prompt in administrator mode by right-clicking and choosing “run as administrator” (or use the ctrl+shift+enter shortcut from the search box).


Note that this works the same in all versions of windows. Just search for cmd and then right-click on the command prompt icon in the start menu or start screen.


Account Types or Kinds of Accounts - Personal, Real, Nominal, real account 10.


If you are in windows 8.X or 10 you can right-click on the start button and choose to open a command prompt that way.


Account Types or Kinds of Accounts - Personal, Real, Nominal, real account 10.


Now type the following command:


Net user administrator /active:yes


Account Types or Kinds of Accounts - Personal, Real, Nominal, real account 10.


You should see a message that the command completed successfully. Log out, and you’ll now see the administrator account as a choice. (note that this screenshot is from vista, but this works on windows 7 and windows 8 and windows 10)


Account Types or Kinds of Accounts - Personal, Real, Nominal, real account 10.


You’ll note that there’s no password for this account, so if you want to leave it enabled you should change the password.


Disable built-in administrator account


Make sure you are logged on as your regular user account, and then open an administrator mode command prompt as above. Type the following command:


Net user administrator /active:no


Account Types or Kinds of Accounts - Personal, Real, Nominal, real account 10.


The administrator account will now be disabled, and shouldn’t show up on the login screen anymore.


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Nominal account


What is the nominal account?


Nominal accounts are accounts related and associated with losses, expenses, income, or gains. Examples include a purchase account, sales account, salary A/C, commission A/C, etc. The outcome of a nominal account is either profit or loss, which is then ultimately transferred to the capital account.



  • The nominal account is an income statement account (expenses, income, loss, profit). It is also known as a temporary account, unlike the balance sheet account ( asset, liability, owner’s equity), which are permanent accounts.

  • So nominal accounting starts with a zero balance at the start of every accounting year. Then during the period, it accumulates all the gains and losses and returns to zero balance at the end of every accounting year by transferring/paying the amount/ balances to a permanent account.



Nominal Account


Nominal account example


Consider a temporary account like a sales account that is opened for recording the sale of goods and services during the year. At the end of the financial year, the total sales are transferred to the revenue statement account. Similarly, expenses are recorded in the expense account and which again at the end of the year are transferred to the revenue statement account. In the end, the positive/ negative changes (revenue- expenses) are transferred to a permanent account in the balance sheet.


Based on the periodicity of the flow of funds, the account is divided as below.



  • An income is a short-term inflow of funds during the fiscal year.

  • Expenses are the short-term outflow of the fund during the fiscal year.

  • An asset is the long-term inflow of funds whose time horizon can be spread to multiple years, so assets value can be calculated as a present value of future cash flow.

  • A liability is a long-term outflow of a fund that is extending beyond the financial year.


nominal account


The rules of nominal account


The golden rules to record any transaction under nominal accounts are:


1.) debit all the expenses and losses.


2.) credit all the income and gains.


Let us understand the rules of nominal account with the help of an example:


Suppose a good is purchased for rs.15,000 in a cash transaction. To record this transaction, we are affecting two accounts i.E., purchase account and cash account.


The amount will be rs. 15,000 in both debit and credit.


Transferring fund from nominal account to real account


The following journal entries show how the balances in nominal ac are shifted through an income summary account to the retained earnings account-


#1 – shift all rs. 10,000 of revenues generated during the month to the income summary account


#2 – shift all rs. 9,000 of expenses generated during the month to the income summary account (there is assumed to be just one expense account)


#3 – shift the rs. 1,000 net profit balance in the income summary account to the retained earnings account



The preceding entries can be completed manually. However, an accounting software package will handle the transfer tasks automatically, once an authorized user sets the rollover flag in the software to close the old reporting year and shift recordkeeping to the next fiscal year.


Difference between a nominal account and a real account-


When we differentiate these two accounts, the main parameter we consider is the balances in these accounts at the end of the fiscal year.



  • As we know, this account starts with zero balance and ends with zero balance, so only this account is called a temporary account. Whereas balance in a real account does not reset to zero at the end of fiscal year, and last year balances get to carry forward to the next fiscal year.

  • These are income statement accounts i.E., accounts for recording income, expenses, profit, and losses. In contrast, a real account is linked with a balance sheet account i.E., accounts for recording assets, liabilities, owner’s equity.

  • At the end of every fiscal year, the balances in nominal (temporary account) account are transferred to a real account (temporary account) for the net change during the accounting year. In other terms, the nominal account rule is reset to zero, and the balance is carry forwarded to a real account.

  • Entries in the nominal account are recorded as per the journal entries concerning time and date.



Nominal account video



This article has been a guide to what is nominal accounts. Here we discuss the golden rules to record any transaction with examples. Also, we discuss the nominal account vs. Real account. Here are the other articles in accounting that you may like –



Nominal account


What is the nominal account?


Nominal accounts are accounts related and associated with losses, expenses, income, or gains. Examples include a purchase account, sales account, salary A/C, commission A/C, etc. The outcome of a nominal account is either profit or loss, which is then ultimately transferred to the capital account.



  • The nominal account is an income statement account (expenses, income, loss, profit). It is also known as a temporary account, unlike the balance sheet account ( asset, liability, owner’s equity), which are permanent accounts.

  • So nominal accounting starts with a zero balance at the start of every accounting year. Then during the period, it accumulates all the gains and losses and returns to zero balance at the end of every accounting year by transferring/paying the amount/ balances to a permanent account.



Nominal Account


Nominal account example


Consider a temporary account like a sales account that is opened for recording the sale of goods and services during the year. At the end of the financial year, the total sales are transferred to the revenue statement account. Similarly, expenses are recorded in the expense account and which again at the end of the year are transferred to the revenue statement account. In the end, the positive/ negative changes (revenue- expenses) are transferred to a permanent account in the balance sheet.


Based on the periodicity of the flow of funds, the account is divided as below.



  • An income is a short-term inflow of funds during the fiscal year.

  • Expenses are the short-term outflow of the fund during the fiscal year.

  • An asset is the long-term inflow of funds whose time horizon can be spread to multiple years, so assets value can be calculated as a present value of future cash flow.

  • A liability is a long-term outflow of a fund that is extending beyond the financial year.


nominal account


The rules of nominal account


The golden rules to record any transaction under nominal accounts are:


1.) debit all the expenses and losses.


2.) credit all the income and gains.


Let us understand the rules of nominal account with the help of an example:


Suppose a good is purchased for rs.15,000 in a cash transaction. To record this transaction, we are affecting two accounts i.E., purchase account and cash account.


The amount will be rs. 15,000 in both debit and credit.


Transferring fund from nominal account to real account


The following journal entries show how the balances in nominal ac are shifted through an income summary account to the retained earnings account-


#1 – shift all rs. 10,000 of revenues generated during the month to the income summary account


#2 – shift all rs. 9,000 of expenses generated during the month to the income summary account (there is assumed to be just one expense account)


#3 – shift the rs. 1,000 net profit balance in the income summary account to the retained earnings account



The preceding entries can be completed manually. However, an accounting software package will handle the transfer tasks automatically, once an authorized user sets the rollover flag in the software to close the old reporting year and shift recordkeeping to the next fiscal year.


Difference between a nominal account and a real account-


When we differentiate these two accounts, the main parameter we consider is the balances in these accounts at the end of the fiscal year.



  • As we know, this account starts with zero balance and ends with zero balance, so only this account is called a temporary account. Whereas balance in a real account does not reset to zero at the end of fiscal year, and last year balances get to carry forward to the next fiscal year.

  • These are income statement accounts i.E., accounts for recording income, expenses, profit, and losses. In contrast, a real account is linked with a balance sheet account i.E., accounts for recording assets, liabilities, owner’s equity.

  • At the end of every fiscal year, the balances in nominal (temporary account) account are transferred to a real account (temporary account) for the net change during the accounting year. In other terms, the nominal account rule is reset to zero, and the balance is carry forwarded to a real account.

  • Entries in the nominal account are recorded as per the journal entries concerning time and date.



Nominal account video



This article has been a guide to what is nominal accounts. Here we discuss the golden rules to record any transaction with examples. Also, we discuss the nominal account vs. Real account. Here are the other articles in accounting that you may like –



Temporary account in windows 10


I just downloaded windows 10. An 'upgrade' from 8.1. It won't let me access my files and whenever I log in it says it's giving me a temporary account and that the files I access won't be saved and what-not. Help?


Original title: just upgraded to windows 10


Thank you for posting in microsoft community. I understand your concern and I am glad to assist you.


This issue could arise because of user profile.


I would suggest you to log out from the current user profile and login with your microsoft account and check if the issue persist.


If the issue persists, I suggest you to follow the steps below and check if the issue is resolved.


Step 1: enable built-in administrator account.


Open elevated command prompt by entering safe mode with command prompt. T o go to safe mode, u se the power button on the sign-in screen and press shift + restart. This will take you to the recovery boot menu. Click troubleshoot> advanced options> startup settings. You then see a list where you can choose safe mode with command prompt.


Type the following command: net user administrator /active:yes


Login into the built in administrator user profile and create a new user profile with administrator privileges.


Delete the corrupted user account from the built in administrator.


Then lock your screen by pressing windows key + L, and sign-in at the administrator account.


Check if the issue persist and you can disable built in administrator account by typing the command: net user administrator /active:no in the command prompt (admin).


Step 2: to create a new user account follow the steps below:


Open elevated command prompt by right clicking on the start icon and select command prompt (admin).


Type net user newaccount password /add and click enter.


Type net localgroup administrators newaccount /add and click enter.


Log off from the system and login to the new user account.


You can also refer to the set up accounts on windows 10.


Hope this post helps. Get back to us for further queries. We are happy to help!


2 people found this reply helpful


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Our products and services connect people and devices wherever they are, for control, support, administration, monitoring, training, collaboration and more. Save time and money, increase efficiency, reduce risk and create new business opportunities.


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For IT pros, msps, enterprises and consumers


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VNC® developer


Solutions and toolkits for integrating secure, real-time remote access into your own devices, products and services.


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Company


Products


Solutions for.


Get in touch


For feedback, sales or general enquiries, fill out our form, or call or chat with us during UK office hours.


Stay informed


Sign up for our newsletter, or follow us on social media.


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So, let's see, what was the most valuable thing of this article: classification of elements, accounts, account heads into three types of accounts and the basis for classification. At real account 10

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